Up until the war with the Kurdish factions in the north he was able to maintain the loyalty of the army.
As the Kurdish factions clashed, Iran also moved troops into its northern territories.
They said they had been warmly received and treated well by the Kurdish faction.
Both Kurdish factions attended the latest meeting and are represented in the congress's new leadership.
Afflicted by tribal tensions at the start of their decade of freedom, the two Kurdish factions have come together.
August 1996: Renewed fighting erupts between the two Kurdish factions.
There was more fighting east of Erbil today between the two Kurdish factions.
Kurdish factions have controlled most of northern Iraq since Baghdad was defeated in the 1991 gulf war.
Kurdish factions in the north have fought each other since the Persian Gulf war.
Awake at last, the State Department has focused on mediation between the Kurdish factions.