The underlying rocks are almost entirely carboniferous limestone with a small amount of Triassic dolomitic conglomerate.

Gaping Gill is a waterfall disappearing underground into the carboniferous limestone.

Immediately to the south, the Wye enters its gorge, incised into sandstone and, in particular, carboniferous limestone.

The ground floor is of carboniferous limestone and the upper floors are brick with stone dressings.

The solid geology in the lower catchment area is carboniferous limestone.

The hills are largely made of carboniferous limestone, which is quarried at several nearby sites.

It lies on carboniferous limestone with rock showing through the thin topsoils.

The site shows red Triassic rocks in fissures of older carboniferous limestone.

The monument is constructed in carboniferous limestone and consists of an obelisk on three steps.

Cross Fell and the adjoining fells are mainly a bed of hard, carboniferous limestone.