Arguing for or against a theory based on a persons credibility (known as an anthropogenic argument) or its social success (known as an appeal to convention) are both flawed reasoning.

Sociologists suggest that insults are often an indicator of flawed reasoning about the character or motivation of others.

To the Editor: Anthony Lewis's defense of race as a factor in college admissions (column, March 22) mixes false history with flawed reasoning.

The Tipsy Coachman doctrine is a rule of law that upholds, in a higher court, a correct conclusion despite flawed reasoning by the judge in a lower court.

Playing an ace "on air" in this fashion is common, based on flawed reasoning.

In 1995, the Justice Department embraced flawed legal reasoning, imposing a series of restrictions on the F.B.I. that went beyond what the law required.

It was difficult to disregard the human's deeply flawed reasoning, and ignorance, but Spock did his best.

Following such flawed reasoning even more doggedly than Candide, Pangloss defends optimism.

That was exactly the kind of flawed reasoning that could lead to military confrontation.

The most troubling element in the opinions is the flawed reasoning used by the Court to reach its conclusions.