Yet paradoxically, Ribera is home to Spain's most famous and most collectible wine, Vega Sicilia, which has produced intense, concentrated reds since the mid-19th century.

Another group of molecules, anthocyanins, produce oranges and reds.

Proudly using the native Norton grape (which dates back to 1820), Chrysalis produces highly drinkable reds and whites - including a refreshing Viognier.

Then there is the Rust en Vrede restaurant (021 881 3881) set in the 300-year-old wine estate of the same name which now produces, exclusively, terrific big reds.

Again, many weeds have a use in dyeing, producing muted reds, greens, yellows, russets, browns and blues.

One of Virginia's largest vineyards, with over 17 varietals, Breaux produces award-winning reds including an exceptional Merlot Reserve.

There Poulsard is blended with Gamay, Pinot noir and Mondeuse noire to produce light reds.

The valley primarily produces reds based on Bordeaux such as cabernet sauvignon, Shiraz, merlot and Tempranillo.

Another small producer is Viña de Liceaga, which produces reds.

Red iron oxide is commonly used to produce earthy reds and browns.