Second, capital is a potential to realize "surplus value" rather than a stock of stored-up labor or money.
Otherwise, the machinery would not be effective in raising surplus value and instead depreciate it.
The rest is surplus value - the capitalist's profit, which Marx calls the "unpaid labour of the working class."
The rest of the day they are creating profit for their boss, James, which is called Surplus Value.
The definition of riba in classical Islamic jurisprudence was "surplus value without counterpart."
It is already clearly evident in his manuscript of Theories of Surplus Value (1861-63).
The remaining wealth is called "Profit" or "Surplus Value."
So, he assumed a uniform rate of surplus value in his models of how surplus value would be shared out under competitive conditions.
It is this Surplus Value, or Profit, which Marxism thinks as an exploitation of labor.
Marx uses the Egyptians as an example to illustrate a society's potential when there is extra time that does not have to be used toward creating surplus value.