burghal

Dundee's burghal status renewed with a charter from Robert the Bruce in 1327.

In Edinburgh, the pretorium and belhous appear to have much the same meaning, being the burghal offices.

The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.

The use of the word borough probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great.

By this Act Burnbank was absorbed into Hamilton - ending its own burghal aspirations.

Alfred's burghal system was revolutionary in its strategic conception and potentially expensive in its execution.

Burhs were supported by the labour of the inhabitants of the burghal district, which was assessed by hides.

However, some historians have argued against Castle Toll being Eorpeburnan as the Burghal hidage does not provide for the defence of Kent.

Haddington received burghal status, one of the earliest to do so, during the reign of David I (1124-1153), giving it trading rights which encouraged its growth into a market town.

A large number of the followers of the Norman lords had been almost certainly town-dwellers in their own country, and lost none of their burghal privileges by the migration.

It details the location of fortifications designed to defend the West Saxon kingdom from the Vikings but also the relative size of burghal defences and their garrisons.

"Military technology and garrison organization'Äîsome observations on Anglo-Saxon military thinking in light of the burghal hidage" (with B.S. Bachrach).

In 1901, the established Church of Scotland built a new church, St Brides Chapel, on Carlogie Road for the burghal part of Panbride parish.

At some point between the years 1175 and 1178, Jocelin obtained from King William a grant of burghal status for the settlement of Glasgow, with a market every Thursday.

In Pictish times, the part of Dundee that was later expanded into the Burghal town in the twelfth/13th centuries was a minor settlement in the kingdom of Circinn, later known as Angus.

The Court, described in a charter from the reign of James II (1430-60) as the Parliament of the Four Burghs, determined burghal law (leges burgorum), settled inter-burghal disputes and heard appeals from burgh courts.

The pressure of taxation led in the 13th century to a closer definition of the burghal constitutions; the Commons sought to get an audit of accounts, and (in London) not only to hear but to treat of municipal affairs.

As well as new revenues for the bishop, the rights entailed by Glasgow's new burghal status and market privileges brought new people to the settlement, one of the first of whom was one Ranulf de Haddington, a former burghess of Haddington.

For instance, in 1957 Lord Lyon introduced distinctive "burghal coronets" to be displayed above the arms of burghs matriculated by his office: a "coronet suitable to a burgh of barony" was a red mural crown, whereas that for a police burgh was blue in colour.

A law of Edgar, about 960, required that it should meet three times a year, these being in all likelihood assemblies at which attendance was compulsory on all tenants of the burghal district, when pleas concerning life and liberty and land were held, and men were compelled to find pledges answerable for their good conduct.