composition resistor

Carbon composition resistors are still available, but comparatively quite costly.

Carbon composition resistors have poor stability with time and were consequently factory sorted to, at best, only 5% tolerance.

Carbon film and composition resistors can fail (open circuit) if running close to their maximum dissipation.

Thick-film and carbon composition resistors generate more excess noise than other types at low frequencies.

The high frequency response of wirewound resistors is substantially worse than that of a composition resistor.

Early 20th-century carbon composition resistors had uninsulated bodies; the lead wires were wrapped around the ends of the resistance element rod and soldered.

Applications of wirewound resistors are similar to those of composition resistors with the exception of the high frequency.

The resistance of carbon composition resistors are prone to drift over time and are easily damaged by excessive heat in soldering (the binder evaporates).

Carbon composition resistors consist of a solid cylindrical resistive element with embedded wire leads or metal end caps to which the lead wires are attached.

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Carbon composition resistors can be printed directly onto printed circuit board (PCB) substrates as part of the PCB manufacturing process.

Some carbon composition resistors can exhibit thermoelectric offsets as high as 400 uV/ C, whereas specially constructed resistors can reduce this number to 0.05 uV/ C.

Carbon composition resistors can exhibit a noise index of 0 dB while bulk metal foil resistors may have a noise index of 40 dB, usually making the excess noise of metal foil resistors insignificant.

Flicker noise is found in carbon composition resistors, and in thick film resistors where it is referred to as excess noise, since it increases the overall noise level above the thermal noise level, which is present in all resistors.

Carbon composition resistors were commonly used in the 1960s and earlier, but are not so popular for general use now as other types have better specifications, such as tolerance, voltage dependence, and stress (carbon composition resistors will change value when stressed with over-voltages).