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The factor of proportionality is called the temperature of the system.
Young's modulus represents the factor of proportionality in Hooke's law, which relates the stress and the strain.
According to WPT, if both prices and quantities change proportionally, the price index must equal the common factor of proportionality.
In targeting information and communications, local authorities should follow the same factors of proportionality and appropriateness as in providing any other information and advice.
Here the factor of proportionality involves a quantity called the surface gravity, which is a measure of the strength of the gravitational field at the event horizon.
In macroeconomics, a multiplier is a factor of proportionality that measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable.
Of course, clocks are instruments measuring time but during the same time interval there is a difference by a factor of proportionality between the "differences of clock displays" of different frames.
The scheme-based levy is just proportional to the scheme's PPF protected liabilities, where the long-term factor of proportionality is set to ensure that the scheme-based element comprises approximately 20 per cent of the pension fund levy.