The gritstone and shale of the Dark Peak supports heather moorland and blanket bog environments, with rough sheep pasture and grouse shooting being the main land uses.
The area is used for sheep farming and grouse shooting, and it is popular with walkers, mountain bikers and bird watchers with treecreepers, woodpeckers and owls to be seen in the vicinity.
Clay pigeon and grouse shooting are available, with Scone Palace, Atholl and Glamis Castle all within easy reach.
Since time immemorial sporting rights over farmland, for hunting or trapping game, have had commercial value; nowadays, grouse shooting, deer stalking and fishing are important sporting activities.
"All our studies confirm that grouse shooting makes a huge contribution to nature conservation in these uplands," says Dr Barnes.
There was nothing back in those hills but a few trout streams and, in good years, some grouse shooting, although there were years when there weren't many grouse.
Often, he adds, some of the best grouse shooting of the season takes place during "the first onslaught of winter, and that is a time when a smart gunner will have all the odds in his favor."
Owners of moorland used for grouse shooting have not been willing to see legions of ramblers tramping across their domains.
Guests visiting the estate for deer stalking and grouse shooting were taken from the station to the head of Loch Ossian by horse drawn carriage.
Driven grouse shooting is a field sport of the United Kingdom.