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Their two main disadvantages are that they can discolour with time unless an ultra-violet light stabiliser is incorporated in the plastic, and it's difficult to fit security devices to them (so make sure good locks are fitted as standard).
Although they are traditionally considered as light stabilizers, they can also stabilize thermal degradation.
The main application of 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone is as a UV light stabilizer.
A significant new activity involving the substance is using it for any purpose other than uses as an industrial light stabilizer in the automobile or construction industry.
One advantage of the hindered amine light stabilizers is that no specific layer thickness or concentration limit needs to be reached to guarantee good results.
Carbon blacks are an important group of pigments that also function as fillers and are good UV light stabilizers.
Light stabilizers, for instance HALS, are especially needed for polypropylene and polyethylene.
Current work regarding how the hindered amine light stabilizers work suggests that a number of different reactions are responsible for the stabilizing effect they have on photooxidation.
Heat and light stabilizers are added to plastics and elastomers because they ensure safe processing and protect products against premature aging and weathering.
One main category of light stabilisers consists of what are known as hindered amine light stabilizers (abbreviated as HALS).
Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) stabilize against weathering by scavenging free radicals that are produced by photo-oxidation of the polymer matrix.
The double-wishbone front suspension uses lighter forged aluminum arms and a lightweight rigid aluminum-alloy cradle, along with a lighter stabilizer bar with a 35 per cent improved lever ratio.
The leaching of octyltin species from PVC plastic packaging, in which they are used as heat and light stabilizers, is a potential source of octyltin compounds in foodstuffs.
In economic terms the most important product groups on the market for stabilizers are compounds based on calcium (calcium-zinc and organo-calcium), lead, and tin stabilizers as well as liquid and light stabilizers (HALS, benzophenone, benzotriazole).
The ability of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS or HAS) to scavenge radicals which are produced by weathering, may be explained by the formation of nitroxyl radicals through a process known as the Denisov Cycle.
Such additives (stabilizers for polymers) may be selected from, among others, nucleating agents, fillers, fibers, hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), antioxidants, UV light absorbers, and carbon black in the form of powders, fibers, or whiskers.