Lumber's nominal dimensions are given in terms of green (not dried), rough (unfinished) dimensions.
Early standards called for green rough lumber to be of full nominal dimension when dry.
It is calculated by nominal, not actual, dimensions of lumber.
Its actual thickness is closer to the nominal dimension.
With softwood, a nominal dimension of one inch in thickness actually measures about three-quarters of an inch.
In that case its actual thickness is closer to the nominal dimension.
A tolerance is the limit of acceptable unintended deviation from a nominal or theoretical dimension.
In contrast, an allowance is a planned deviation from the nominal or theoretical dimension.
Softwood having a nominal width of two through six inches actually measures about a half-inch narrower than the nominal dimension.
See dimensional lumber for a full discussion of the relationship of actual and nominal dimensions.