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They were nicknamed Quills because of their use of a quill drive.
A quill drive also has the ability to slide lengthways, effectively varying its length.
In the mid-1920s, Ljungström filed a patent on a quill drive for a steam turbine locomotive.
The four traction motors have Alsthom quill drives.
Unlike the F series, all U series are equipped with quill drive instead, thus reducing the track forces.
The Pennsylvania Railroad GG1 locomotive used a quill drive.
One example of a quill drive is found in a drill press where the quill allows the chuck to move vertically while being driven rotationally.
Quill drives have been extensively used in railroad electric locomotives to connect between frame-mounted traction motors and the driven wheels.
In the case of the famous Pennsylvania Railroad GG1, two bogie-mounted motors drove each axle through a quill drive.
The traction motors and gearboxes (one per axle) were mounted to the bogie frame and connected to the wheels by a flexibly coupled quill drive.
The English Electric built NZR ED class used a quill drive, but was found to be hard on the track.
A quill drive is a mechanism that allows a drive shaft to shift its position (either axially, radially, or both) relative to its driving shaft.
The locomotives featured a unique wheel arrangement, 1-Do-2 under the UIC classification system, and incorporated a quill drive to the driving wheels.
Build by ASEA, they were equipped with quill drive and regenerative braking; the latter only caused problems though, excessively increasing the current that caused damage.
Quill drives were used by many electric locomotives in the United States, particularly those of the Pennsylvania Railroad-their long-lasting GG1 design being perhaps the best known.
Instead the formerly used axle hung motors it used a quill drive with a circular rubber spring as a connecting element ("Gummiringfeder" in German) reducing unsprung mass.
The design was similar to No 9 above, with two two-axle trucks and a Westinghouse gearless quill drive, which supported the motor on the truck frame and reduced the unsprung weight.
The chosen design took the front-wheel drive from the central differential on the rear transaxle and sent it through the V in the centre of the engine using a quill drive, before joining an inverted differential.
Transmission of power is by Siemens-built bogie-mounted three phase asynchronous induction type double pole pair traction motors which power the wheels via reduction gear and a hollow quill drive connected to the wheels at both ends via resilient links.
The quill drive was also developed about this time and mounted the traction motor above or to the side of the axle and coupled to the axle through a reduction gear and a hollow shaft - the quill - flexibly connected to the driving axle.
Alternatives to jackshaft drives included use of a quill drive with the turbine above the drive axle, or a combination of a quill drive with a gearbox suspended horizontally between a locomotive driving axle and the turbine shaft.