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Another type of regenerator is called a micro scale regenerative heat exchanger.
We use our nose and throat as a regenerative heat exchanger when we breathe.
In regenerative heat exchangers, the fluid on either side of the heat exchanger can be the same fluid.
An internal regenerative heat exchanger increases the Stirling engine's thermal efficiency compared to simpler hot air engines lacking this feature.
Regenerative heat exchangers are made up of materials with high volumetric heat capacity and low thermal conductivity in the longitudinal (flow) direction.
To improve energy conservation the steel industry is shifting to reheat furnaces that employ very high combustion air preheat, up to 1300ºC, by means of regenerative heat exchangers.
Although the Schoell patent is titled "Heat regenerative engine", it does not use the regenerative Rankine cycle nor does it use a regenerative heat exchanger.
The constant heating and cooling that takes place in regenerative heat exchangers puts a lot of stress on the components of the heat exchanger, which can cause cracking or breakdown of materials.
A regenerative heat exchanger, or more commonly a regenerator, is a type of heat exchanger where heat from the hot fluid is intermittently stored in a thermal storage medium before it is transferred to the cold fluid.
He invented what he called the 'Heat Economiser' (now generally known as regenerative heat exchanger), a device for improving the thermal efficiency of a variety of processes, obtaining a patent for the economiser and an engine incorporating it in 1816 .
To conserve energy and cooling capacity in chemical and other plants, regenerative heat exchangers can transfer heat from a stream that must be cooled to another stream that must be heated, such as distillate cooling and reboiler feed pre-heating.
Ultimately this principle was applied even more efficiently in regenerative heat exchangers, such as the Cowper stove (which preheat the incoming blast air using waste heat from the flue gas and are used in blast furnaces to this day), and in the open hearth furnace (for making steel) by the Siemens-Martin process.