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On maturity, the female cones detach and fall to the ground.

Pollen is released and carried by the wind to female cones.

As with flowers, seeds form within the female cone after pollination.

The main differences between the two are in the number, size and form of the male and female cones.

The female cones are larger, green when young and have 90-150 scales.

Seeing the difference between male and female cones is not difficult with D. purpusii.

The female cones have one to 20 ovules on each scale.

The name comes from the prickles on the female cones.

They can only develop and become effective if they happen to land on a female cone.

It is dioecious, with the male and female cones on different trees.