It was appreciated, although Gates' brazen efforts at self-promotion on the basis of increasingly poor scholarship have been the talk among African-American intellectuals for some time.

But Banks chooses to begin with the medicine men and priests in Africa, who are, he asserts, the ancestors of contemporary African-American intellectuals.

Johnson was well educated and as a young girl became familiar with the work of prominent African-American intellectuals.

Jackson, considered the dean of African-American conservative intellectuals, introduced Pepper and Blanco to the Bush campaign staffers.

To prove his point, Gilroy re-reads the works of African-American intellectuals against the background of a trans-Atlantic context.

A number of African-American intellectuals found themselves in the anti-Semitic camp because of their position toward Israel and the Palestinian demand for a homeland.

The scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. called him "the pre-eminent African-American intellectual of our generation."

Ellison wasn't alone among African-American intellectuals.

For the remainder of his life, he drew artistic inspiration from Africa's past, which he and other African-American intellectuals associated with cultural vitality and authenticity.

A bold and pitiless critic focuses his wrath chiefly on other African-American intellectuals and spokesmen whom he finds short on seriousness.