Germany was particularly affected because it depended heavily on American loans.
Mexico's decision to pledge oil revenue to secure $20 billion in American loans has already provoked protest.
It was certainly not the purpose for which the American and Canadian loans were procured.
Iraq was stuffed with American loans and Western arms.
The money became the American Congress's first loan from abroad.
The aid does not involve actual American loans of $10 billion.
It is a grant used by Israel to pay interest on past American military loans.
The proceeds from that sale will be used to repay most of the American loan.
The reserves have since been reinforced by an international rescue package that includes $20 billion in American loans and guarantees.
The bank then reduced the value of the Latin American loans to the price it believes they could receive.