Kabwe's problems had been identified, but government officials had tried to play down the dangers for years, reports by the Blacksmith Institute said.

Multiple local political figures and scientists disputed the listing, claiming that the Blacksmith Institute used outdated research.

The Blacksmith Institute included Norilsk in its 2007 list of the ten most polluted places on Earth.

In 2007 the Blacksmith Institute listed Sumgayit as one of the ten most polluted cities in the world.

In 1999, Fuller established Blacksmith Institute to focus on pollution remediation.

The Blacksmith Institute says that, according to a local newspaper report, "only 28% of infants born in 1992 were healthy, and only 27% had healthy mothers."

Founded in 1999, Blacksmith Institute is an international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-threatening pollution in the developing world.

The evaluation is based on data collected by the Blacksmith Institute and the Swiss Green Cross.

Blacksmith Institute was called in by the Nigerian authorities to assist in the removal of toxic lead.

Dandora was listed by the Blacksmith Institute as one of the most polluted sites in the world.