Sometimes it is called one dimensional Bose gas with delta interaction.

Since then the method has been extended to other models in one dimension: Bose gas, Hubbard model, etc.

Further results can be found in the article on the ideal Bose gas.

The most common massless Bose gas is a photon gas in a black body.

Another massless Bose gas is given by the Debye model for heat capacity.

An ideal Bose gas is a quantum-mechanical version of a classical ideal gas.

The thermodynamics of an ideal Bose gas is best calculated using the grand partition function.

The grand partition function for a Bose gas is given by:

This situation is of great practical importance since many experimental studies of Bose gases are conducted in such harmonic traps.

In 1991 a theoretical proof was made that a Bose gas can exist in two dimensions.