Meanwhile, the Sassanid empire to the east was constantly chipping away at poorly defended Byzantine holdings, creating a fault line between the two empires running down through what we know as the Middle East.

He ravaged the Byzantine holdings around Theodosiopolis and raided as far as Koloneia, which he besieged until Kourkouas arrived with a relief army and forced him to withdraw.

Also, Visigoths captured Spania, Byzantine holdings in Spain by 629.

Thus, from the early 8th century on, Muslim raids unfolded unceasingly against Byzantine holdings in the Western Mediterranean, especially Sicily.

The only son of a former governor of the Byzantine holdings in the Morea, John Kantakouzenos was related to the Palaiologoi through his mother.

Control of Anatolia was then split between the Greek States and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, with the Byzantine holdings gradually being reduced.

After his victory in the civil war, Muawiyah launched a series of attacks against Byzantine holdings in Africa, Sicily and the East.

Streams of Palerman refugees made their way east to take shelter in the Byzantine holdings.

John consolidated his conquests and the existing Byzantine holdings in Asia by the building of a series of forts.

Byzantine The tributaries of the Met's ivory network occasionally widen into pools of consuming depth, especially among its Byzantine and medieval holdings.