During the Civil War, he served as Captain of the California Volunteers.

In March 1866 regular troops of the 14th Infantry relieved the 2nd California Volunteers.

The California Volunteers most directly in action against the Confederacy were known as the California Column.

Federal soldiers were recalled to eastern battlefields and were replaced by units of the California Volunteers.

California Volunteers remained in local garrisons until mustered out following the end of the Civil War in 1865.

The California Volunteers suffered most of their direct combat-related casualties during this first assault.

The California Volunteers suffered 14 soldiers killed and 49 wounded, 7 mortally.

California Volunteers replaced the Federal troops after the beginning of the American Civil War and continued aggressive patrolling.

They were joined there by the 1st Battalion of Native Cavalry, California Volunteers.

California Volunteer of the Year (1991)