Because of the strength of the Ghibelline faction in Rome, he withdrew to Viterbo in 1257 until his death in 1261.

To attain his end he aided the Ghibelline faction in Rome in their revolutionary attempts in 1405.

In the early thirteenth century, the Amidei were allied with the Ghibelline faction, led by the Uberti and Lamberti families.

He was the leader of the Ghibelline (anti-Papal) faction in Florence during the power struggles of the time.

Under the Traversari family, Ravenna became a major city of the Ghibelline faction in the Romagna.

Both the Guelph and the Ghibelline factions worked together to bring about the Ambrosian Republic in Milan.

In 1239 he was became detached from the Ghibelline faction and allied with the Guelph Guecellone da Camino.

Traditionally, the Aleramici adhered to the Ghibelline faction, which supported the Hohenstaufen and their Italian schemes.

Boccanegra was elected doge for life on September 24, 1339, as the candidate of the "popular" Ghibelline faction.

In 1312, Monza adhered to the Ghibelline faction.