The studies in question are seeking low-cost ways to prevent HIV-positive pregnant mothers from transmitting the virus to their newborns.

Because even when we immunize, and reduce infant mortality, the death rate among infants of HIV-positive mothers is now negating the effects of immunization.

Studies show that about 30 percent of newborns born to HIV-positive mothers end up infected themselves.

Furthermore, a large number of children were born to HIV-positive mothers before proper treatment was available, leading to a spike in infant mortality.

Generally speaking, HIV-positive mothers lack support, especially from males, thus resulting in their stigmatization and exclusion by members of the community.

In third world settings, medical resources and technology can be very hard to find and can serve as a financial burden to HIV-positive mothers.

A boy receives medication at a residential care centre for destitute HIV-positive mothers and their children in South Africa.

Studies have shown that about 30 percent of babies born to HIV-positive mothers end up infected themselves.

One of the most difficult issues for HIV-positive mothers is discussing the virus with their children, said family support workers.

The estimate showed that there are 79,184 HIV-positive pregnant mothers and 14,148 HIV-infected births within a year.