Phocaea was the northernmost of the Ionian cities, on the boundary with Aeolis.

The Ionians had formed a federation consisting of 12 Ionian cities and also held games here to mark their gatherings.

The Ionian cities should be demoi, or "districts".

The Ionian cities were joined in this battle by the Aeolians of Lesbos.

He is possibly most famous for discovering the ancient Ionian city of Ephesus.

For the Ionian cities themselves, the revolt ended in failure, and substantial losses, both material and economic.

These six cities would later become rivals with the Ionian cities of Asia Minor.

Most of them were from Smyrna, Ayvalik and other Ionian cities.

It was the site of the Ionian city of Klazomenai.

Having thus become the enemy of Persia, Athens was already in a position to support the Ionian cities when they began their revolt.