Since the mid-8th century, the Byzantine Empire's borders had been shrinking in the face of Islamic expansion.

Certainly all historians agree that no power would have remained in Europe able to halt Islamic expansion had the Franks failed.

The new faith achieved quick expansion, but Arab immigration in the first centuries of Islamic expansion was minimal.

These journey also coincided with the end of the Mongol invasions and a new opportunity for Islamic expansion.

As was common during the years of Islamic expansion from Arabia, religious tolerance was practiced.

The Pashtun kingdoms were crushed during this Islamic expansion.

This also prevented Islamic expansion into Europe for some time.

They are concerned the Islamic expansion will be a success, following the same concern they had for Communism.

More recent studies have emphasized doubt that the Islamic expansions are old enough to completely explain the major patterns of J-M267 frequencies.

In the 8th and 9th centuries, the Byzantine Empire managed to stop Islamic expansion.