This concerned the removal of 15 Jupiter medium-range missiles from Turkey.

Then the president circled back to another possibility: A parallel American withdrawal of obsolete Jupiter missiles from Turkey.

It was derived from the Jupiter missile, which was used as the first stage.

Jupiter missiles were used in a series of suborbital biological test fights.

Charles De Gaulle, the new French president, refused to accept basing any Jupiter missiles in France.

Jupiter-C launched to test components for the Jupiter missile.

Throughout the crisis, Turkey had repeatedly stated that it would be upset if the Jupiter missiles were removed.

But then we received a second, much tougher message from the Soviet leader adding the demand that we withdraw our Jupiter nuclear missiles from Turkey.

Eventually, he told Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin that the Jupiter missiles would be pulled out, but not as part of the deal.

The sequence of events was controlled by a program device that was also used on Jupiter missiles.