Oliver Cromwell Cox (25 October 1901 - 4 September 1974) was a Trinidadian-American sociologist noted for his early Marxist viewpoint on Fascism.

Basically a critic, he gave new dimension to biographical-historical criticism, and analysed linguistic and literary issues from a Marxist viewpoint.

Foucault did so in 1950, but never became particularly active in its activities, and never adopted an orthodox Marxist viewpoint, refuting core Marxist tenets such as class struggle.

His decision to write about Tibet from a Marxist viewpoint in his books had already alienated some exiles.

From a Marxist viewpoint, behaviour is ultimately determined by the economic infrastructure.

As the preface to the 2nd edition (1976) notes, the first edition (1955) appears to have received relatively little attention from the literary establishment because of its then-unfashionable Marxist viewpoint.

Shapiro's and Kazin's teaching was described as "brilliant" and "inspiring"; Slochower however "was a bore with a Marxist viewpoint who treated myth like merchandise."

From a Marxist viewpoint, Cinadon's attempted revolution is an early example of class struggle.

Meanwhile historians in East Germany engaged in major research projects to support the Marxist viewpoint.