Many of the same figures appear in the similar list of buyers of the Northern paintings.

It had previously been the main centre, after Haarlem, of Northern Mannerist painting in the Netherlands.

The medieval craftsman tradition was such an important part of Northern painting.

Pellegrini then travelled through Germany and the Netherlands, collecting Northern paintings as he went and completing works in many European cities.

Late Northern medieval painting often portrayed Christ in a symmetrical pose looking directly out of the canvas, especially when shown as Salvator Mundi.

Northern European painting of earlier centuries has an elegant, muted tonality that is often appealing.

Northern European painting had long suffered at the Louvre by comparison with French and Italian painting.

Woman with a Pearl Necklace by Johannes Vermeer is a seventeenth century Northern European painting.

The use of oil as a medium in Northern European painting can be traced to the 12th century, however until the 1430s egg tempera was the dominant medium.

His works are peopled by childlike characters, often resembling potatoes in striped leggings, cavorting in landscapes out of Northern European paintings.