Self was a career civil servant who, after a wartime spell in Washington, had returned as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

The issue was escalated all the way to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Education.

He was the former Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance & Treasury.

From 1998 to 2000, he was the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence.

Sogavare was Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance from February 1994 to October 1996.

ML Pin became Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Education in 1946.

In 2006, he was appointed Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Science & Technology.

The Minister is assisted by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance, a career civil servant.

From October 2008 to May 2011, she was the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health of Rwanda.

In his lifetime he was also a civil servant, serving as deputy secretary to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health between 1951 - 1969.