In 1059, Abbot Desiderius was made a cardinal by Pope Stephen IX.

Pope Stephen cancelled his planned attendance on 30 April 887.

Upon Pope Stephen's death the following year, Giovanni was elected pope on 4 April 1058, his election having been arranged by his family.

In the letter, Cyprian's arguments against Pope Stephen are reiterated and reinforced.

Pope Stephen may refer to:

It is confirmed from letters to and from Pope Stephen that Leo extracted a resignation from Photios.

He addressed Pope Stephen not as his master, but as his equal.

After Pope Stephen's death, Paul was elected in 757.

Four months later Pope Stephen died at Florence, and the Church was once more distracted by schism.

Cyprian's argument won out the day, with Pope Stephen's claims meeting rejection.