Roughly three of four qualified workers participate, but among those who do, only 10 percent contribute the maximum, according to the Center for Retirement Research.

She also serves as the director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.

Munnell joined the Boston College faculty in 1997 and founded the Center for Retirement Research in 1998.

Anthony Webb, a research economist at the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, ran the numbers for us.

"The paradigm has been fractured," said Stephen P. Utkus, director of the Vanguard Center for Retirement Research.

Only about half of all workers participate in a pension plan with their current employer, according to the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.

Joseph F. Quinn, an economist at Boston College's Center for Retirement Research, agrees.

She also heads Wharton's Boettner Center for Pensions and Retirement Research.

Labor force participation among workers aged 55 to 64 increased 2 percent in 2001, according to the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.

"It is not a question of education," said Stephen Utkus, director of the Vanguard Center for Retirement Research.