At some point Jiao became a Roman Catholic and played a role on the Jesuit side of the Chinese Rites controversy.

The Vatican disagreed and forbade any adaptation in the so-called Chinese Rites controversy in 1692 and 1742.

The Rites controversy continued to hamper Church efforts to gain converts in China.

Sixty-three years later, in 1707, the Dominicans supported the Pope's stance with regards to the Chinese Rites controversy.

At a time when the future of Christian faith seemed to be bright in China the Chinese Rites controversy was raging in Europe.

The Augustinian missionaries had success in propagating Catholicism, but in 1708, during the Chinese Rites controversy they were forced to withdraw from China.

There, he was an opponent of the Jesuits and took the opposite side in the Chinese Rites controversy.

He wrote several religious works, including a treatise on the Chinese Rites controversy.

In 1706, Kangxi decided to send Bouvet to the Vatican to settle the Chinese Rites controversy, but took back his decision later.

Chinese Kangxi Emperor bans Christian missionaries as a result of the Chinese Rites controversy.