No higher communication level such as transport layer is part of the technology.

Flow control, in addition to the one provided on the transport layer.

The definitions of the transport layer are slightly different in these two models.

The transport layer provides communication from one application to another.

The application program passes data to the transport layer for delivery.

The transport layer transfers data between source and destination processes.

In some protocols it is merged with the transport layer.

The transport layer provides ground, aerial, and space communications across the battlefield.

Error detection techniques have no impact on existing transport layers.

The transport layer is responsible for delivering data to the appropriate application process on the host computers.