Since Huta Stepańska was a large village, surrounded by a Ukrainian majority, numerous Poles, survivors of the early massacres, gathered there.

Kosivka is a typical Bessarabian village with people of Ukrainian majority.

After the Bolshevik Far Eastern Republic was established on April 6, 1920, Far Eastern areas with an ethnic Ukrainian majority attempted to secede and establish an entity called Green Ukraine.

Thus, on October 25, 1918, a Ukrainian National Committee, gaining the upper hand in Czernowitz, declared Northern Bukovina, populated by a Ukrainian majority, part of the West Ukrainian People's Republic.

The victim/minority became the non-Cossack peasants who, like their counterparts in New Russia, were mixed population group, with an ethnic Ukrainian majority.

It has a Ukrainian ethnic majority.

Also, unlike Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina had a Ukrainian majority.

The Ukrainian majority of these lands were further oppressed by the Polish authorities, and the conflict escalated in the 1930s, due in part to actions of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.

By the times of Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) much of Poland's previous territory, which were historically mixed Ruthenian and Polish, had Ukrainian and Belorussian majorities.

Accordingly, the diplomats of the West Ukrainian People's Republic hoped that the West would compel Poland to withdraw from territories with a Ukrainian demographic majority.