The curriculum has not included Western learning.

He also was engaged in Western learning (Rangaku) in the field of astronomy.

Nishi was then appointed by the government as a Yogakusha or specialist scholar of Western learning.

The missionaries brought not only Christianity, but also capitalism, Western learning, and Western culture.

These daimyo looked for ways to obtain books or experts on Western learning.

This meant educating them in Western learning and converting them to Christianity.

Ricci was welcomed at the imperial court and introduced Western learning into China.

There he met Watanabe Kazan, a government official sharing an interest in Western learning.

In 1905, the examinations were finally abolished, making way for tests in 'Western learning.'

It merged older government schools for medicine and Western learning.