Their wickedness was emphasised by several large posters detailing the dangers of both active and passive smoking.

Indeed, it is now considered the third leading preventable cause of death, after active smoking and alcohol.

The risk of OSA rises with increasing body weight, active smoking and age.

Although the intensity of such exposure is usually lower than that from active smoking, the longer exposure may partly offset the lower intensity.

While hesitating to judge the evidence on passive smoking, he said it appeared to be "much, much weaker" than that on active smoking.

Dr. Morabia's study is the first of 21 attempts to find a clear-cut link between both active and passive smoking and breast cancer.

Nine previous studies found at best a weak association between active smoking and breast cancer and 11 studies found no such relationship.

Specialist medical evidence in the case showed that he had developed lung cancer as a result of active and passive smoking.

The newer studies, which exclude passive smokers from the control group, generally show elevated risks associated with active as well as passive smoking.

We know that both active and passive smoking kills hundreds of thousands of people in Europe every year.