Diagnosis done by stool examination is difficult when adult worms are not present because the eggs are hard to distinguish from C.sinensis.

In the small intestine, they molt twice and become adult female worms.

Humans are accidental hosts because adult worms can not reach maturity in the heart or in the skin.

The whole time period from egg ingestion until adult worms releasing new fertilized eggs in stool is 20 to 30 days.

Although structurally unrelated to other anthelminthics, it kills both adult worms and larvae.

On average, most adult worms are eliminated in one to two years.

The only known means is surgical excision of either adult worms or the infected kidney.

After maturing, they mate and adult male worms die.

These studies revealed that artemether exhibits the highest activity against juvenile stages of the trematodes, while adult worms are significantly less susceptible.

DEC has been shown to kill both adult worms and microfilariae.