Though glasnost advocated openness and political criticism, at the time, it was only permitted in accordance with the political views of the Communists.

Al-Manar was his journal, through which he advocated greater openness to science and foreign influence.

In modern language we would say he advocated openness and good governance.

The larger point he is making is that by advocating openness in organized labor, the movement will get the boost it needs as it tries to attract new members.

Computer experts and voting rights groups have long advocated such openness, arguing that the code is too important to be kept secret and would allow programmers to check for bugs and the potential for hacking.

But it has been impossible to mistake differences between the two clerics, with Mr. Khatami advocating greater political and cultural openness, while Ayatollah Khamenei and his followers have shown little enthusiasm for such change.

You have long advocated openness in American court proceedings.

Those who advocate openness believe that free-market nations can provide the most effective political force for development of an active market.

Mr. Lynn said that for the last two years, The A.P. had prepared a package of articles about Sunshine Week, in which media organizations advocate openness in government.

Such attitudes have led many Japanese who advocate greater openness toward foreigners to feel pessimistic about the future.