If it does not do so, then in the next phase the US will advocate harsher penalties and sanctions.

With all this, trade with black African nations, which in theory largely advocate economic sanctions, has grown.

Back then, Mr. Mandela kept his focus away from his legacy to concentrate on advocating sanctions against his home country.

On Iran he criticized the recent softening of the French stance, but that merely means that he will return the government to advocating economic sanctions.

The resolution adopted today calls on the organization to use "the widest possible sources of procurement" and recalls many United Nations resolutions advocating sanctions against South Africa.

Mr. Kaunda has frequently and vigorously condemned apartheid and advocated economic sanctions against South Africa.

Mr. Shultz said it meant "the other countries here advocate mandatory sanctions on sales of military goods" to Iran if it continued to resist calls for a cease-fire.

Yet advocating violence and sanctions against the Government remain criminal offenses under the decrees that instituted a national state of emergency that has been in effect since June 1986.

Breaking with many French intellectuals she supported the 2003 American-led intervention in Iraq and had since advocated stronger sanctions against Iran.

In 1982, during the Falklands War, Owen spoke at the Bilderberg Group advocating sanctions against Argentina.