In the 1960s, many government regulations, such as anti-Chinese legislation in Indonesia, restricted Chinese Indonesians from the rural areas and forced many to relocate to big cities.

It was considered to be part of the anti-Chinese legislation in Indonesia.

Because of various loopholes in the Head Tax and other anti-Chinese legislation, there was a steady influx of Chinese families from the late 19th century until the Second World War.

Outside parliament, Australia's first Catholic cardinal, Patrick Francis Moran was politically active and denounced anti-Chinese legislation as "unchristian".

In 2009, the California legislature passed a resolution to apologize for the historical anti-Chinese legislation.

After Suharto came to power, his regime created many anti-Chinese legislations in Indonesia.

He was a proponent of Australian Federation; he denounced anti-Chinese legislation as "unchristian" and opposed anti-semitism.

Ng traveled the country speaking out against anti-Chinese legislation, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act.

For decades after, labor oppressed the Chinese and politicians pushed anti-Chinese legislation.

The anti-Chinese legislation was in the Indonesian constitution until 1998.