This paper was reprinted in 1863 as chapter 2 of Man's Place in Nature, with an addendum giving his account of the Owen/Huxley controversy about the ape brain.

The extended argument on the ape brain, partly in debate and partly in print, backed by dissections and demonstrations, was a landmark in Huxley's career.

The book contains no references whatsoever, based alternately on alleged conversations with present-day cannibals, the eating of ape brain by the author and direct insight from deep meditation.

The book argues that the earlier ape brain had evolved "mindmakers" and that the human mind arose when these were "rewired" by symbols.

This "Symbolic capacity is the 'missing link' that changed the ape brain into a human and made mindware possible, allowing symbols to structure the brain".

It gives us the general direction that evolution has taken but not whether an ape brain is different because of its sensory, motor, or association areas.

The human brain is not just a scaled-up version of a mammal brain or even of an ape brain.

His conclusions were made public in 1860 in lectures and publications, but most of the demonstrations were done by Flower using monkey brains rather than the scarce ape brains.

In his ape brain and his ape heart he had nursed the hope that he and the lad would never be separated.

Many types of scientists are attracted by the problem of how fancy language was fitted into an ape brain.