If a collision is energetic enough, it is possible for ejecta, including atmospheric molecules, to reach escape velocity.
Even in the most placid of solar times, enough atmospheric molecules reach the altitudes where they cause some friction against Earth-orbiting spacecraft.
One important interface is the gas liquid interface between aerosols and other atmospheric molecules.
Stellar light is polarized by atmospheric molecules; this could be detected with a polarimeter.
The fission reaction is usually of relatively small yield, but its gamma rays pre-ionize atmospheric molecules in the stratosphere.
But I had a curiously unsettled feeling that something or somebody was passing through the air, as if atmospheric molecules were being disturbed by unseen movements.
If a photon interacts with an atmospheric molecule, the molecule is accelerated and its temperature increased.
Nor did the well-spaced atmospheric molecules up here transmit much sound.
Ozone is a naturally occurring atmospheric molecule that is produced by electric discharge or through a reaction of Oxygen with solar radiation.
During an electrostatic discharge, such as a lightning flash, the affected atmospheric molecules become electrically overstressed.