But, this is now looking like a really special atomic system, and I really doubt that all the conditions can be met.

According to this expression, an atomic system at absolute zero retains an energy of hν.

The development of efficient computer technology in the 1940s made calculating elaborate wave equations for complex atomic systems possible.

Surface second harmonic generation is a method for probing interfaces in atomic and molecular systems.

What deviations from standard quantum mechanics can these guys detect that photonic and atomic systems cannot?

It was the first quantum model of an atomic system.

The Hartree-Fock method is used for a variety of atomic systems.

However it is just an approximation, and there are more accurate and efficient methods used today to solve atomic systems.

To overcome that particular problem, we are forced to choose an atomic system that looks very much like a laser.

By May 1925 he began trying to describe atomic systems by observables only.