Deficiency of strength in steam boilers may be due to original defects, bad workmanship, deterioration from use or mismanagement.
A mixture of bad workmanship, bad materials and bad design has left an extraordinary legacy of decay.
To counter bad workmanship, full-time inspectors were introduced to identify, quarantine and ideally correct product quality failures.
In the end, the city has the worst of both worlds - high costs and little protection from bad workmanship.
Inferior materials, bad workmanship and cut corners will show - and cost money to fix later.
Bad materials and fewer of them, and bad workmanship, reduced the costs of building.
It also revealed how easily bad workmanship could expose this type of house to the risk of damp and rot.
You can express it in dollars all right, dollars that went into bad workmanship.
Additionally, bad workmanship and use of poorly made concrete and substandard steel bars have also been cited as reasons that led to the collapse.
The problem was one of design rather than bad workmanship, and the City Canal dam worked successfully.