Sending Ms. Grigioni back to work would be a start, and George could also learn by watching other males in action, as some biologists have proposed.

Somehow, biologists propose, higher-level "organizational" or "emergent" principles switch on at larger sizes, such as on the scale of proteins.

For example, he said, many biologists have proposed that the displays are meant to keep the partner impressed and committed, thereby preventing the mate from leaving the relationship.

Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements.

Prominent evolutionary biologists such as Richard Dawkins and Jerry Coyne have proposed various 'controversies' that are worth teaching, instead of intelligent design.

Rather, three biologists from Northwestern University and the Cambodian Forestry Administration have proposed a taxonomic demotion.

Some biologists have proposed that 20 percent of the oceans be set aside, although experts say that monitoring such vastness against piracy will be impossible.

And some biologists have proposed the existence of "protein-folding proteins," whose only purpose is to help other proteins fold.

Instead, biologists have proposed a range of definitions; which definition a biologists uses is a pragmatic choice, depending on the particularities of that biologist's research.

Now an evolutionary biologist proposes a radical new way of viewing menstruation, one that gives the ordinary business of having a period an active and salutary spin.