Further, these entities were vulnerable because they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets.

In addition, any money the city borrows in private markets would need approval by the board.

Robert H. Smith, Security Pacific's president, noted that the $5.7 billion gain in consumer deposits had improved the company's finances by lowering the amounts it borrowed in wholesale markets.

Overseas, many countries have to pay punishing interest rates if they can borrow in international markets at all.

The higher volatility increases the risk premium required when borrowing in external markets to insure against risks.

As events developed, it became clear that Treasury's monetarists did not want the tax policy makers to disrupt the Administration's ability to borrow in foreign markets by eroding foreign investors' confidence in the United States.

The United Nations must start borrowing in financial markets for the first time, to avoid the threat of insolvency next year, Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar said.

The possibilities for all EU Member States to borrow in international markets under the right conditions, as well as the stability of the whole global financial system and the effectiveness of crisis prevention, will depend on how successfully we can reform financial assessment.

Chrysler wants its debt ratings to return to investment grade level soon so it can borrow in public markets.

From then through 1962, with Mr. Black in charge, the World Bank lent more than $6 billion of its own capital, plus billions more that it borrowed in private markets, without a default.