This simply isn't true, by reference to the way our society works.

Perhaps he knows my book only by reference and has not read it.

Let me clarify what I mean by reference to our water.

Each bit and piece should be understandable by reference to the great plan of which it is a part.

I have no way of determining the question but by reference to facts.

But making public policy by reference to extraordinary people is silly.

Thus in the case of call by reference, procedure Silly has an effect.

Democrats have little or no clear identity except by reference to what conservatives say about them.

He illustrated the point by reference to local history and scholarship.

One approach would be to draw the line by reference to the degree of probability.