On 18 December 1689 the anniversary of William's first entrance into London was cele-brated with a huge procession through the City, as crowds carried effigies of James's chief ministers through the streets to Temple Bar, where they ritualistically hanged them at a "triple galloes" set up next to a great bonfire.

Their faces are covered by grotesque wooden masks topped by great antlers, and they carry wands two feet long, effigies of the death-cup mushroom in wood sheathed with copper.

They boldly carried the scaffold and effigies to within a few feet of the gate of the fort, and knocked audaciously for admission.

Snagge died in 1593 and was entombed in St Mary's Church, Marston Moretaine, where an alabaster tomb carrying effigies of him and his wife survives.

Carrying effigies and signs saying Pinochet was a dictator, they chanted: "Pinochet, Pinochet, go away!"

Other tomb-chests carrying effigies are those of Sir Richard Newport, who died in 1570, and his wife; and of John Berker and his wife, both of whom died in 1618.

In Newport, on August 27, a crowd built a gallows near the Town House where they carried effigies of three officials appointed as stamp distributors: Augustus Johnson, Dr. Thomas Moffat, and lawyer Martin Howard.

Carrying crude effigies of Prime Minister Tony Blair, about 500 students marched down to Parliament Square last week to protest the government's proposal to allow British universities to raise tuition beginning in 2006.