A future issue of its newsletter, Science Watch, compares the citation rate of articles published by seven leading countries.

One measure which is relatively easy to make is the citation rate per paper (Martin & Irvine 1983).

There appears to be a correlation between high citation rates for a published researcher and the award of prestigious accolades.

Furthermore, citation rates disclose researchers furnishing instrumental contributions that advance the science of their respective field.

Submitted papers received an average citation rate of 40 per paper.

These papers were referred to in other published papers 76,921 times, for an overall citation rate per paper of 15.91.

My own university's promotion form still says "Candidates may wish to provide impact factors, citation rates or other bibliometric information, where appropriate."

However, a recent study concluded that overall citation rates for a time period of 2 years (2010/11) were 30% higher for subscription journals.

There is a high citation rate for key social identity papers and that rate continues to increase.

So women publish less, but if you take citation rate as a measure of quality, women publish better work.