This classification does not neatly distinguish between processes and forces/causes of semantic change.

That classification distinguishes between the following 3 major groups:

The classification ignores the border patterns, and distinguishes between the type, size and arrangement of gul, or larger motifs in the central field of the carpet.

The most recent standard classification of the Angiosperms (the APG III system) distinguishes it as a separate order.

That classification distinguishes between the following 5 groups:

Another classification, according to the care taken in forming the letters, distinguishes between the set book-hand and the cursive script.

Another common classification distinguishes nominative-accusative languages and ergative-absolutive ones.

One classification, based on these newer criteria, distinguished the following races: Europeans (Nordics and Alpines of Europe/Near East).

Another classification distinguishes two types.

The traditional classification distinguishes four kinds of bonding: