The computerized method is being developed for other standardized tests, as well, including the Scholastic Aptitude Test for undergraduate admissions, taken by about a million students a year.
Instead of relying solely on old-fashioned cop know-how, he introduced technological solutions like CompStat, a computerized method of addressing crime hot spots.
Fire officials say this system is likely to be replaced by a computerized method that would enable them to transmit duplicate records to an off-site location.
To prevent mistakes, Dr. Lee said each sample of evidence is put through four different computerized methods.
Today most commercial machining is done via such programmable, computerized methods.
Mr. Jacobs also introduced computerized methods of ticket sales, linking his box offices to Ticketron outlets in other cities.
Arthur Andersen built a center in Chicago to help its clients use computerized methods to fine-tune their manufacturing processes.
Most of the state programs concentrate on manufacturers too small to keep up with the latest computerized methods.
And many chief executives are more comfortable with hard data generated by computers and are skewing research budgets toward computerized methods.
While the math can be done by hand or with a calculator, it is far more common to use one of several computerized methods for entering and synthesizing the judgments.